The potential of 4D’s approach in curbing antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens

This article intends to collate and discuss the potential of 4D’s (right Drug, Dose, Duration and De-escalation of therapy) approach to tackle the emerging problem of AMR. For this, we searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, and clinicaltrials.gov databases primarily using the keywords “optimal antibiotic therapy”, “antimicrobial resistance”, “higher versus lower dose antibiotic treatment”, “shorter versus longer duration antibiotic treatment”, “de-escalation study” and “antimicrobial stewardship measures” and based on the findings, form and expressed our opinion.